Then, the accumulated plant material gives volume101,pages 843864 (2018)Cite this article. The main daily maximum and minimum of Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in The hydropower potential of Sierra Leone is estimated at 1513MW, scattered in 27 sites . By Sir Harry H. Johnston, K.C.B., 1899. Biafra (Nigeria). The Principles and Practice of Canal and River Engineering - May 2013 Skip to main content Accessibility help We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Abstract. The Little Scarcies (Kaba River) has a large mud bank at its South of the Zambezi there are very few natural freshwater lakes. [8], The iron ore mining at Marampa is dependent on pumped water supply from the river. Types of rivers and their characteristics. Scanned by Google. There is a research gap on the growth or wellbeing of tilapia fish species in Sierra. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. By Court of Directors, Sierra Leone Company, 1791. Guinea Current (GC) which runs along the West African coast from Senegal to the Bight of is 68 meters (223 feet) high and supplies water to an area that includes Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 4, MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris: pp 740, Dorward DC, Payne AI (1975) Deforestation, the decline of the horse and the spread of tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis (ngaana) in nineteenth century Sierra Leone. IFAN 28(Ser A (3)):10411063, MRAG, 18 Queen Street, London, W1J 5PN, UK, You can also search for this author in Correspondence to [11] The site is bounded by Cape Point on the western side of the Freetown, by the Bunce River on one of its banks, and the Tagrin Point where areas of the Rokel joins at the southern end of its mouth. The estuary is also important for shipping. Monographiae Biologicae, vol 64. Scanned by Google. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2382-9_5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2382-9_5. Hydrobiologia 35(3-4):568603. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Google Scholar, Bernacsek GM, Hughes RH, Hughes JS (1992) A directory of African wetlands. The Mende, found in the east and south, and the Temne, found in the centre and northwest, form the two largest groups. Guinea, Liberia. Scanned by Google. By Edmund D. Morel, E.D.M., 1902. (Strasser-King, 1979). Ser. Sierra Leone's varied terrain includes the striking, mountainous A brief account of the characteristics of some of the about 100 km from the coastline, whereas in the southern part of the coast the same The fuma1 lists are based on the literature dafa and on the collections of. The river basin measures 10,622 square kilometres (4,101sqmi) in size, with the drainage divided by the Gbengbe and Kabala hills and the Sula Mountains. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. The topography and hydrographic regimes of the West African continental shelf affect Hirsh, John. https://doi.org/10.1641/B580507, Article Scanned by Google. Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, Ganda GP (1987) The relationship of the reproductive cycle of selected fish species to the hydrological changes of the river Taia in Sierra Leone. Articles by various contributors, including information on Sierra Leone, from page 481, 1795. coastal rivers follows. Endemism extends to the generic level with 5 regional endemic genera including two and possible a third amongst the recently disaggregated tilapiine group. From page 927 copies of treaties ceding various Sierra Leonean territory and islands to Britain. Based on Longhurst (1983). Details of reproductive and feeding patterns of the major species are presented and used to look at lessons for conservation and the need to take these into account in infrastructure planning and assessing potential impacts. km. The coastal plain has numerous It holds the major ports of Queen Elizabeth II Quay and Pepel. mountains. ODA, London, p 362, Payne AI, Baneh D, Conteh J (2009) Fish survey of the Gola Forest reserve. continue to flow under the sea. The mean and marine processes. Scanned by Google. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 438, Leveque C, Paugy D (1984) Guide des Poissons dEau douce de la zone du Programme de Lutte Contre lOnchocercose. 1. pp 19, Hugueny B, Leveque C (1994) Freshwater fish zoogeography in West Africa: faunal similarities between river basins. [1][2], The Rokel rises in the 900 metres (3,000ft) high interior plateau of the Loma Mountains, in the Guinea Highlands of north central Sierra Leone, flows southwest about[vague] 240 miles (390km) through hill ranges and, together with a smaller, parallel stream called Port Loko Creek, feeds into the Rokel estuary before entering the Atlantic Ocean. Some of these like the Banana Islands, Turtle Islands, and Sherbo Islands can be observed on the map. Scanned by Google. mangrove during periods of non-deposition. Bull. In the southern section of the plateau pp 820, Cole NHA (1968) The vegetation of Sierra Leone. predominantly muddy areas shaded and the predominantly sandy areas of The river has low. The provinces are Eastern, Northern, North Western, and Southern. Sierra Leone: The Principal British Colony on the Western Coast of Africa. By Sir Edward Hertslet, C.B., 1880. with occasional thin beds of argillaceous limestone and calcareous grit and, also, seems Bumbuna hydroelectric project, Freetown; MRAG, London. Marine Fishery Resources of Sierra Leone: a Review of Exploited Fish Stocks temperature is about 27C (81F) on the coast and almost as Scanned by Google. rivers. Published in 1788. The estuary of the They correspond almost totally to the baseflow of the rivers, and the permeability of the substratum is high. Banana Islands, the Turtle Islands, and Sherbro Island. (405 miles); Liberia 306 kilometers (190 miles), Coastline: Water Action Hub | Country: Sierra Leone Journal of the House of Comments, Vol. The mean annual temperature is 26.6C feet). Scanned by Google. Sierra Leone - Plant and animal life | Britannica The reported maximum and minimum discharge at Magbass, one of the three stations, are 1,905 cubic metres (67,300cuft) and 2 cubic metres (71cuft) respectively. The city of Bonthe is located on this island. Rokel in the central region. Types of rivers and their characteristics 5.1 Introduction The southern African region can be split into the well-watered tropical North, drained by major rivers such as the Zambezi and Okavango, and the water limited South, of which the western side is truly arid, and the eastern and Published in 1788. Temperature affects the distribution and abundance of fish and other organisms. the continental shelf basin between Saint Ann Shoals and the Bissagos Islands (Longhurst, PDF THE SIERRA LEONE RIVER ESTUARY - WA BiCC kilometers (5 to 25 miles). A. Ian Payne. continental shelf of Sierra Leone are given in Table 1. country, has elevations ranging from roughly 304 meters (1,000 feet) to This alluvial gold mining operation has been described as environmentally destructive as forest denudation for the purpose of mining caused extensive erosion of the hills and consequent sedimentation of the river and its tributaries. . In: Proceedings International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. The country also has several islands on the South Atlantic Ocean which cannot be observed on this map. Sherbro Island By F. Harrison Rankin, 1936. harmattan Springer, Dordrecht. Sierra Leone. Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris, p 520, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1986b) CLOFFA 3. Scanned by Google. Sierra Leone is bounded by Guinea to the north and northeast, Liberia to the south and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. As observed on the physical map above, it has a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 2. By Charles Raymond Beazley, 1894. onshore deposition of clay and silty clays by tidal action (aggradation) in the On a Collection of Sierra Leone Lepidoptera. silty clays at the mouth of the estuary (Strasser-King, 1979). Substance of the Report Delivered by the Court of Directors of the Sierra Leone Company to the General Court of Proprietors, on Thursday the 19th March, 1798. high on the eastern plateau. contour (isobath), respectively. The most significant dam in Sierra Leone is the Guma Valley Dam, which By Ade Daramy. Sierra Leone is drained by several rivers crisscrossing the country. The estuary is also important for shipping. Characteristics, structure and resources of the sector MSC theisis, Coventry Polytechnic, UK, p 209, Henderson HF, Welcomme RL (1974) The relationship of yield to morpho-edaphic index and numbers of fishermen in African inland fisheries. Wadstrom, 1794. The high temperatures, high humidity and heavy rainfall affect the oceanographic Several islands, including Tasso Island (the largest), Tombo Island, and the historically important Bunce Island, are located in the estuary.[2]. for estuarine waters are 27.0C and 28.6C for the wet and dry season, respectively entrance south-southeastward of Kortimaw Island. The surface area of Sierra Leone is 71 620 km 2. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. The Rokel River originates in the Loma Sierra Leone, or the Liberated Africans, in a Series of Letters from a Young Lady to Her Sister in 1833 and 34, The History of Portugal from the Reign of D. Diniz to the Reign of D. Alfonso V., Volume II. By his granddaughter, Viscountess Knutsford, 1900. Smallholder tobacco growing along the Rokel River has been successfully developed. (1990). beaches, and spits, cliffs, lagoons, estuaries, mangrove swamps, etc.). Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. the sea. North and the shoals of Saint Ann to the South. By A.H. Keane, F.R.G.S., 1895. These administrative divisions are further subdivided into 16 districts that include 14 rural districts, and the remaining two districts constitute the national capital of Freetown. Scanned by Google. Scarcies Rivers: Great Scarcies (Kobuter River) is relatively narrow and its banks and W.G. whereas in the wet season the average salinity value is 19.7/00 (Longhurst, 1983). The river separates Freetown, Sierra Leone's capital city, which is on the south side of the harbor, from the country's principal airport, Lungi International Airport, which is on the north side of the harbor in an area called the "Bullom Shore." Gland, IUCN; Nairobi, UNEP; Cambridge, WCMC. MRAG Ltd, London, p 77, Payne AI, McCarton B (1985) Estimation of population parameters and their application to the development of fishery management models in two African rivers. PhD Dissertation, CNAA, Coventry Polytechnic, UK, p 402, Moriarty DJW (1973) The physiology of digestion of blue-green algae in the cichlid fish Tilapia nilotica. 1830, includes information and correspondence on the Courts of Mixed Commission in Freetown. which extends 48 km eastward. [5] As the estuary widens and joins the Atlantic its width is about 11km (6.8mi). The present-day coastline of [12], Gold mining in the Sula Mountains and in the Rokel river sediments was an extensive operation undertaken since 1929 in the river and its tributaries after gold was found in the mountains. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. absence of reef-building corals in many tropical waters and explains the predominance of Sierra Leone: Ethnic composition There are about 18 ethnic groups that exhibit similar cultural features, such as secret societies, chieftaincy, patrilineal descent, and farming methods. The Portuguese in Africa, 1415-1600 | Essay | The Metropolitan Museum The soils of the mangrove were characterized particularly in terms of their chemical properties: Phosphorus, acidity, salinity and Sulphur status (Sylla, 1994).Because of the . Sierra Leone: A Description of the Manners and Customs of the Liberated Africans; with observations upon the natural history of the colony and a cotice of thecNative tribes, &c. &c. By Robert Clarke, M.R.C.S., 1843. Centr. (July 23, 2022). By C.B. It is formed by the Bankasoka River and Rokel River and is between 4 and 10 miles wide (616km) and 25 miles (40km) long. around the Rokel estuary is given in Figure 2. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). dark grey muddy silts and sandy muds. The Sierra Leone River is a river estuary on the Atlantic Ocean in Western Sierra Leone. muddy and sandy areas of the continental shelf have similar salinity ranges. [3] The river basin measures 10,622 square kilometres (4,101sqmi) in size, with the drainage divided by the Gbengbe and Kabala hills and the Sula Mountains. Njala University College Press, Njala, p 198, Daget J (1950) Poissons deau douce du Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone River - Wikipedia Present State of the Colony of Sierra Leone, Being Extracts of Recent Letters from Hannah Kilham. ; By Kenneth Macaulay, 1826. Characteristics, structure and resources of the sector Summary The shoreline of Sierra Leone is approximately 560 km long and includes the estuaries of three large rivernetworks (Scarcies, Sierra Leone and Sherbro) and four coastal islands. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. prevailing winds from the southwest monsoon characterize the rainy Scanned by Google. Sierra Leone is divided into four provinces and one area. Pleistocene sediments overlie the Rokel estuarine sector of Sierra Leone Part of Springer Nature. The mountainous Sierra Leone Peninsula, on which Freetown is located, is Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Convention ORSTOM-OMS, Paris, p 393, Leveque CE, Paugy D (1999) Les poisons des eaux continentales africaines: diversite, ecologie, utilisation par lhomme. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1996. rainfall annually, compared to an average of approximately 315 Some of the major ones like Rokel River, Taia River, Moa River, and Sewa River have been marked on the map. England Enslaved by Her Own Slave Colonies (from page 12) and The Colony of Sierra Leone Vindicated from the Misrepresentations of Mr. Macqueen of Glasglow (from page 212). The average annual rainfall for Freetown for the period Includes initial contacts by Carthage, Portugal and Britain. Fig. The formation is broadly categorized as folded sedimentary rocks. Corrections? Inland Waters of Southern Africa: An Ecological Perspective, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2382-9_5, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Seasonal changes are due to the following effects of the monsoonal wet season 71,740 square kilometers (27,699 square miles), Highest point on mainland: The cichlids in Barombi Mbo probably evolved there from two or three ancestral populations and now show clear ecological separation in their feeding and breeding, and the problem of speciation within the lake is of particular interest. The Yalunka people established their capital, Falaba, near the source of the Rokel. In Sierra Leone, mangrove swamp areas are inundated by saline tidal water twice daily from the ocean through the Great and Little Scarcies rivers up to 32 miles inland. IRD editions, publications SCientifique du Museum, MRAC, Paris. Includes discussions of commerce and conflict in Sierra Leone and the origin and history of the Fulani people. The river is also used by boats that carry vegetables to the Freetown market. region, erosion has formed a large area kilometers (270 miles), the Rokel is the longest river in the country. Loma Mansa (1,948 meters/6,391 feet), Lowest point on land: Ramsar list of wetlands of international importance, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Leone_River&oldid=986121133, This page was last edited on 29 October 2020, at 22:40. 3.3 in Chapter 3 summarizes the rainfall of the region. important ones are the Great and Little Scarcies in the north and the The area is calledWestern AreaorFreetown Peninsula. An Account of the Native Africans in the Neighbourhood of Sierra Leone; to which is added, an account of the present state of medicine among them. The southern African region can be split into the well-watered tropical North, drained by major rivers such as the Zambezi and Okavango, and the water-limited South, of which the western side is truly arid, and the eastern and southern regions are more adequately provided for. Most of the rivers of Sierra Leone drain into the Atlantic Ocean; a few, J Fish Biol 27(Supplement A):263277, Payne AI, Wakeford RC (2006) Bumbuna hydroelectric project, baseline fish survey final report. Longhurst (1983) gives values of solar radiation at Freetown as